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Feedback for Learners
Effective Techniques and Strategies

Definition of Feedback
The process by which the teacher provides learners with information about their performance for the purpose of improving their performance.

Levels of Feedback
1. Minimal Feedback
-Tell learners that performance is correct or incorrect
-Agree or disagree with learners opinions
-Use nonverbal cues like nodding
Examples:
“That’s correct.”
“You make a mistake.”

2. Behavioral Feedback
-Describe learner performance as behaviors
-Tell learner why performance is correct or incorrect
-Give reasons for agreement or disagreement with leaner
-Offer behavioral suggestions for improvement
Examples:
“Your case presentation was clear and well-organized.”

3. Interactive Feedback
-Acknowledge learner’s situation/admit limitations
-Agree on goals with learner
-Involve learner in self-assessment
-Give learner feedback on performance and self-assessment
-Elicit learner reaction to feedback
-Develop an action plan with feedback
Prompts:
“What do you want to change?”


Characteristics of Effective Feedback
1. Specificity
-Precise
-Specific examples or behaviors
2. Frequency
-Give as frequently as possible (not only at end of the rotation!)
3. Timing
-Deliver as close in time to the incident either individually or in group if applicable
4. Positive/Negative
-Giving both Positive (reinforcing) and Negative (corrective) can be useful for learners.
-“Feedback sandwich”
5. Learner Reaction
-The learner can benefit from an opportunity to react to the feedback.
6. Action Plan
-Develop an action plan for improvement, preferably with learner input.